Meaning


Estimation for the overall performance of a player. Developed by statistician Oliver Brosig and Jörn Uhrmeister, head of handball at the Ruhr University Bochum.

Calculation


Positive factors: goals, assists, ball wins, blocks, seven-metre penalties taken

Negative factors: Missed shots, technical errors, lost balls, penalties caused, time penalties, red cards

Weighting of each action according to playing time (the later, the higher the weighting) and score (the closer to a draw, the higher the weighting)

Interpretation


The higher, the better was the player. Players who play in different positions are only comparable to a limited extent.

Since the factors are only to a limited extent based on numbers and many aspects of the game are not tracked at all, the validity is debatable.